Information Gathering
Nmap is a popular tool for network mapping and port scanning. It can be used to identify open ports, running services, and operating systems on target systems. The first step in a penetration test is to gather information about the target network. You can use the nmap command to scan for open ports and services on the target system. For example, the command nmap -sS -sV -O -A -T4 IP_ADDRESS will perform a stealth scan, version scan, OS detection, and script scan on the target IP address.
Vulnerability Scanning
Once you have identified the open ports and services on the target system, you can use the nikto command to perform a vulnerability scan. For example, the command nikto -h http://IP_ADDRESS will scan a web server running on the target IP address for known vulnerabilities.
Exploitation
After identifying vulnerabilities, you can use the metasploit command to attempt to exploit them. The Metasploit Framework is a powerful tool that allows you to launch exploits and payloads against a target system. For example, the command msfconsole will launch the Metasploit console, where you can search for and launch exploits against the target system.
Post-Exploitation
After gaining access to a system, you can use the linenum command to perform post-exploitation activities. The Linenum script can be used to gather information about the target system such as installed software, users, and network information. For example, the command ./linenum.sh -r IP_ADDRESS will run the Linenum script and gather information about the target IP address.
Reporting
Finally, you can use the grep command to search through the output of the previous commands and extract relevant information, then you can use a tool like nano to create a report that summarizes the results of the test and includes recommendations for mitigating the identified risks.
Burp Suite
Burp Suite is a web application security testing tool. It includes a number of features such as web application scanning, intercepting proxy, and manual testing.
Aircrack-ng
Aircrack-ng is a suite of tools for wireless network security assessment. It can be used for tasks such as wireless network discovery, packet capture, and cracking of WPA/WPA2 encryption.
John the Ripper
John the Ripper is a password cracking tool. It can be used to crack hashed passwords on the target system.
sqlmap
sqlmap is an open-source tool for detecting and exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities.
Nessus
Nessus is a vulnerability scanner that can be used to identify known vulnerabilities on target systems and applications.
Wireshark
Wireshark is a network protocol analyzer. It can be used to capture and analyze network traffic, useful for identifying network-based attacks and reconnaissance activities.
Maltego
Maltego is an open-source intelligence and forensics application. It can be used to identify relationships between different types of information, useful for identifying hidden connections between systems and individuals.
Please note that this is just a basic example, and that the specific process of penetration testing can vary depending on the target network and the scope of the test. Additionally, it’s important to have a legal clearance before conducting a pen-test, and to perform it on a network that you have permission to test.
